Stability and removal of commonly used drugs in environmental water and wastewater.

Abstract

Pharmaceuticals are regarded as emerging contaminants in the environment. In recent years, their destiny and removal have piqued people’s interest. Methods: Examine how well conventional wastewater treatment facilities and cutting-edge technologies (ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis) can remove specific pharmaceutical compounds from water, with a focus on the compounds' environmental status, their origin, deterioration, metabolites, and the capacities of these facilities. Results and discussion: the ability and efficacy of sophisticated treatment technologies such as membrane separation, adsorption, and AOPs (Advanced Oxidation Processes) in eliminating chosen commonly used drugs from water are explored. Batch adsorption experiments were integrated with appropriate adsorption isotherms and appropriate kinetic models to predict the final extent of pollutant removal by this method. Continuous filtration mode was also investigated. Combining filtration (using AC (Activated Carbon) and micelle-clay granule complexes) with AOPs improves the economy of treating wastewater, which contains recalcitrant PhACs (Pharmaceutical Compounds).